Indications and Usage

Jakafi® (ruxolitinib) is indicated for treatment of polycythemia vera (PV) in adults who have had an inadequate response to or are intolerant of hydroxyurea (HU).

Jakafi is indicated for treatment of intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis (MF), including primary MF, post-polycythemia vera MF and post-essential thrombocythemia MF in adults.

Jakafi is indicated for treatment of steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older.

Jakafi is indicated for treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after failure of one or two lines of systemic therapy in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older.

Jakafi demonstrated a non-significant trend toward improvement in symptoms of PV compared with HU1
  • The RELIEF study was a Phase 3b randomized, double-blind, double-dummy study comparing Jakafi with HU in 110 patients with PV1
  • Patients included in the study were ≥18 years old, treated with HU for ≥12 weeks with a stable dose for ≥4 weeks, and who had a Total Symptom Score – Cytokine Symptom Cluster (TSS-C) of ≥8 (maximum 50)1*
  • The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with ≥50% reduction (improvement) from baseline measurement in TSS-C at Week 161
  • RELIEF primary endpoint: The primary endpoint was achieved by 43.4% of patients receiving Jakafi and 29.6% receiving HU (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 0.82–4.04; P = 0.139)1
  • For individual symptoms, there was a trend toward a greater percentage of patients treated with Jakafi experiencing ≥50% improvement from baseline compared with HU, but only pruritus was significantly different (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.10-5.71; P = 0.027)1
  • Treatment with Jakafi during an open-label phase following double-blind treatment during which patients treated with HU could cross over to Jakafi was associated with continued benefit in TSS-C and individual symptom severity scores at 24 and 48 weeks following initiation of Jakafi1
  • Because 28.3% (15/53) of patients receiving Jakafi and 18.5% (10/54) of patients receiving HU had large changes in the ratio of screening-to-baseline TSS-C (ratio of >2), a post hoc analysis of patients with relatively stable TSS-C scores (screening-to-baseline TSS-C ratio ≤2) was conducted1
    •  In patients with relatively stable TSS-C scores, the primary endpoint was achieved by 47.4% of patients receiving Jakafi and 25.0% of patients receiving HU (P = 0.0346)1
Important information for readers regarding the RELIEF data

Some of the information contained in this reprint is not included in the FDA-approved prescribing information for Jakafi:

  • Patients in this study were generally well controlled with a stable dose of HU but who were experiencing symptoms of polycythemia vera1
    •  Patients were not required to have had an inadequate response to or to be intolerant of HU1

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

*The TSS-C is the sum of individual scores for fatigue, pruritus, myalgia, night sweats and sweats while awake, each rated on a scale of 0 (absent) to 10 (worst imaginable).1

Important Safety Information
  • Treatment with Jakafi® (ruxolitinib) can cause thrombocytopenia, anemia and neutropenia, which are each dose-related effects. Perform a pre-treatment complete blood count (CBC) and monitor CBCs every 2 to 4 weeks until doses are stabilized, and then as clinically indicated
  • Manage thrombocytopenia by reducing the dose or temporarily interrupting Jakafi. Platelet transfusions may be necessary
  • Patients developing anemia may require blood transfusions and/or dose modifications of Jakafi
  • Severe neutropenia (ANC <0.5 × 109/L) was generally reversible by withholding Jakafi until recovery
  • Serious bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal and viral infections have occurred. Delay starting Jakafi until active serious infections have resolved. Observe patients receiving Jakafi for signs and symptoms of infection and manage promptly. Use active surveillance and prophylactic antibiotics according to clinical guidelines
  • Tuberculosis (TB) infection has been reported. Observe patients taking Jakafi for signs and symptoms of active TB and manage promptly. Prior to initiating Jakafi, evaluate patients for TB risk factors and test those at higher risk for latent infection. Consult a physician with expertise in the treatment of TB before starting Jakafi in patients with evidence of active or latent TB. Continuation of Jakafi during treatment of active TB should be based on the overall risk-benefit determination
  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has occurred with Jakafi treatment. If PML is suspected, stop Jakafi and evaluate
  • Herpes zoster infection has been reported in patients receiving Jakafi. Advise patients about early signs and symptoms of herpes zoster and to seek early treatment. Herpes simplex virus reactivation and/or dissemination has been reported in patients receiving Jakafi. Monitor patients for the development of herpes simplex infections. If a patient develops evidence of dissemination of herpes simplex, consider interrupting treatment with Jakafi; patients should be promptly treated and monitored according to clinical guidelines
  • Increases in hepatitis B viral load with or without associated elevations in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase have been reported in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Monitor and treat patients with chronic HBV infection according to clinical guidelines
  • When discontinuing Jakafi, myeloproliferative neoplasm-related symptoms may return within one week. After discontinuation, some patients with myelofibrosis have experienced fever, respiratory distress, hypotension, DIC, or multi-organ failure. If any of these occur after discontinuation or while tapering Jakafi, evaluate and treat any intercurrent illness and consider restarting or increasing the dose of Jakafi. Instruct patients not to interrupt or discontinue Jakafi without consulting their physician. When discontinuing or interrupting Jakafi for reasons other than thrombocytopenia or neutropenia, consider gradual tapering rather than abrupt discontinuation
  • Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) including basal cell, squamous cell, and Merkel cell carcinoma have occurred. Perform periodic skin examinations
  • Treatment with Jakafi has been associated with increases in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Assess lipid parameters 8-12 weeks after initiating Jakafi. Monitor and treat according to clinical guidelines for the management of hyperlipidemia
  • Another JAK-inhibitor has increased the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke (compared to those treated with tumor TNF blockers) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a condition for which Jakafi is not indicated. Consider the benefits and risks for the individual patient prior to initiating or continuing therapy with Jakafi particularly in patients who are current or past smokers and patients with other cardiovascular risk factors. Patients should be informed about the symptoms of serious cardiovascular events and the steps to take if they occur
  • Another JAK-inhibitor has increased the risk of thrombosis, including deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and arterial thrombosis (compared to those treated with TNF blockers) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a condition for which Jakafi is not indicated. In patients with myelofibrosis (MF) and polycythemia vera (PV) treated with Jakafi in clinical trials, the rates of thromboembolic events were similar in Jakafi and control treated patients. Patients with symptoms of thrombosis should be promptly evaluated and treated appropriately
  • Another JAK-inhibitor has increased the risk of lymphoma and other malignancies excluding NMSC (compared to those treated with TNF blockers) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a condition for which Jakafi is not indicated. Patients who are current or past smokers are at additional increased risk. Consider the benefits and risks for the individual patient prior to initiating or continuing therapy with Jakafi, particularly in patients with a known secondary malignancy (other than a successfully treated NMSC), patients who develop a malignancy, and patients who are current or past smokers
  • In myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, the most common nonhematologic adverse reactions (incidence ≥15%) were bruising, dizziness, headache, and diarrhea. In acute graft-versus-host disease, the most common nonhematologic adverse reactions (incidence >50%) were infections (pathogen not specified) and edema. In chronic graft-versus-host disease, the most common nonhematologic adverse reactions (incidence >20%) were infections (pathogen not specified) and viral infections
  • Avoid concomitant use with fluconazole doses greater than 200 mg. Dose modifications may be required when administering Jakafi with fluconazole doses of 200 mg or less, or with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, or in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Patients should be closely monitored and the dose titrated based on safety and efficacy
  • Use of Jakafi during pregnancy is not recommended and should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Women taking Jakafi should not breastfeed during treatment and for 2 weeks after the final dose

Please click here to see Full Prescribing Information for Jakafi.

Please see hcp.jakafi.com for more information and educational resources.

Financial disclosures

The RELIEF study was sponsored by lncyte Corporation.1

The authors of this publication disclosed the following related to lncyte Corporation and Novartis:

D Hunter, MM Jones and H Zhen were employees of Incyte Corporation and D Habr was an employee of Novartis Pharmaceuticals. R Mesa, AM Vannucchi, A Yacoub, R Lyons, S Verstovsek, S Koschmieder, J Byrne reported financial interests from lncyte Corporation or Novartis. Additional disclosure information is located in the Conflict of Interest statement in the article.1

The other authors declared no competing financial interests.1

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Reference: 1. Mesa R, Vannucchi AM, Yacoub A, et al. The efficacy and safety of continued hydroxycarbamide therapy versus switching to ruxolitinib in patients with polycythaemia vera: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, symptom study (RELIEF). Br J Haematol. 2017;176(1):76-85.

  • Indications and Usage / Important Safety Information